Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks

An In‑Depth Guide to Anabolic Steroids (Anabolic–androgenic steroids – AAS)

Prepared for the general public; informati20 mg/day).



Side Effects: Acne and erythrocytosis were common in testosterone users. Steroid-induced mood swings and insomnia reported in 12 % of participants.




2.3 Epidemiological Data




A meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies found a dose–response relationship between cumulative steroid exposure (in mg/kg·day) and the incidence of adverse events, with an odds ratio of 1.08 per additional 10 mg/kg·day.



In elite weightlifters, 18% reported at least one chronic health issue linked to anabolic steroids, compared to 3% in non-supplement users (p